Apologia Pro Vita Sua and "Agnosticism and Christianity"

  1. Newman, in describing his theological position in the years 1839-1841, before his conversion to Roman Catholicism, sees himself as adopting a via media ("middle way") between Puritanism/Evangelicalism on the one hand, Liberalism (both theological and political) on the other. What does he see as the problems with each of these other positions?
  2. What is Newman's view of the "living busy world" in which he lived, both as described in the excerpt from chapter 5 of the Apologia and in his description of Liberalism? How does his view compare to Carlyle's? Tennyson's? Elizabeth Barrett Browning's? Mill's?
  3. Newman wrote the Apologia to defend himself, and the Catholic Church, from charges that he and it endorsed the suppression of the reason. How does Newman respond to this charge? What role does he see the Catholic Church playing in the intellectual life of the age?
  4. How does Huxley define agnosticism? Why does he say that, far from being an immoral position, agnosticism is in fact deeply moral? What does he say is its enemy?
  5. Does Huxley's position in "Agnosticism and Christianity" display any of the characteristics of Liberalism listed by Newman in the Apologia? In what ways can Huxley's essay be seen as a response to Newman's views?